Is acne a chronic disease?

Yes, acne is a chronic inflammatory disease that can flare up repeatedly over several years.

Does acne also affect adults?

Yes, many adults, particularly women, have persistent hormonal acne.

Can stress make acne worse?

Yes, stress promotes skin inflammation and can trigger flare-ups.

Should I squeeze acne spots?

No, squeezing spots increases the risk of infection and scarring.

Are acne scars permanent?

No, dermatological treatments can significantly improve their appearance.

Is laser treatment effective for acne?

Yes, some lasers reduce inflammation and treat residual scars.

Is medical LED dangerous?

No, medical LED is safe and painless when used in a medical setting.

Does diet influence acne?

Yes, a diet high in fast-acting sugars can make acne worse in some people.

Can cosmetics cause acne?

Yes, comedogenic products can clog pores.

Does acne go away on its own?

In some patients it does, but others need medical treatment.

Can I wear make-up if I have acne?

Yes, provided you use non-comedogenic products.

No, acne is not a contagious disease.

Peels are generally well tolerated, with a brief tingling sensation.

How many laser sessions are needed?

It depends on the type of scarring and how each person responds.

Is isotretinoin dangerous?

This treatment is effective but requires strict medical monitoring.

Can acne be treated during pregnancy?

Yes, but with suitable, safe treatments.

Can acne leave marks?

Yes, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can develop.

Does the sun improve acne?

Any improvement is often temporary, and the sun can make acne worse in the long term.

When should I see a dermatologist?

As soon as acne becomes inflamed, persistent or distressing.

Does early treatment prevent scarring?

Yes, prompt treatment greatly reduces the risk of scarring.

Dermatology · Inflammatory skin conditions

Acne

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects the pilosebaceous follicles. It is encouraged by excess sebum, blocked pores and an imbalance in the skin’s bacteria, particularly Cutibacterium acnes.

Written by Dr A. Turcarelli, dermatologist and allergist Updated 4 January 2026 6 min read

Book an appointment Frequently asked questions

Introduction

Acne is an inflammatory skin condition of the hair follicle and sebaceous gland, caused by excess sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinisation, proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes and an inflammatory reaction.

Symptoms

Red, inflamed spots
Blackheads and whiteheads
Painful nodules
Deep cysts
Pigmented or atrophic scars
Frequent psychological impact

Causes

Hormonal imbalances
Genetic factors
Chronic stress
Comedogenic cosmetics
High-glycaemic-index diet
Certain medicines

Diagnosis

Dermatological clinical examination
Assessment of the type of acne (comedonal, inflammatory, severe)
Looking for hormonal factors in adults
Assessment of the risk of scarring

Treatments

Topical retinoids
Topical or oral antibiotics
Hormonal treatments (in women)
Oral isotretinoin for severe forms
Medical LED therapy: reduces inflammation and bacteria
Chemical peels (AHA / BHA): unclogs pores
Dermatological lasers: treats scars
Microneedling / radiofrequency: improves skin texture

Management

Personalised dermatological assessment

Step-by-step treatment plan

Regular follow-up

Combined medical and technology-based approach

Frequently asked questions

Consultation for acne

Consultation with a confirmed diagnosis and a written treatment plan.

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