Introduction
They are one of the most common causes of allergic rhinitis and can progress to allergic asthma if they are not properly managed.
Symptoms
- Repeated sneezing
- Runny or blocked nose
- Itchy nose and eyes
- Red, watery eyes
- Burning sensation in the eyes
- Dry cough
- Shortness of breath or wheezing (if asthma is also present)
- Tiredness, poor sleep, reduced concentration
Causes
- Tree pollen (birch, alder, hazel…)
- Grass pollen
- Weed pollen (ragweed, mugwort)
Pollen calendar
Indicative valuesAverage intensity of the main pollen families over the year. It varies with the weather and the region: a dry, windy season brings the peaks forward and makes them stronger.
| Family | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trees | ||||||||||||
| Grasses | ||||||||||||
| Weeds |
Diagnosis
- Detailed history (timing of symptoms, pollen calendar)
- Correlation between symptoms and season
- ENT and respiratory examination
- Appropriate allergy tests (skin prick tests, blood tests)
- Assessment for associated bronchial involvement
Treatments
- Avoidance measures (controlled ventilation, glasses, nasal rinsing)
- Antihistamines
- Nasal corticosteroids
- Anti-allergy eye drops if the eyes are affected
- Treatment of associated asthma if needed
- Desensitisation (allergen immunotherapy) in some cases
- optimal control of symptoms
Management
To identify precisely which pollens are responsible
To anticipate high-risk periods
To adjust treatment before the pollen season
To offer desensitisation where indicated
Improve your quality of life in the long term