Cutaneous anthrax

Cutaneous anthrax is a rare bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis, which enters the skin through a tiny break and causes a characteristic necrotic lesion.

The French term (‘coal’) refers to the black appearance of the central eschar, caused by local death of skin tissue (necrosis).

No, it is rare in Europe and occurs mainly in specific occupational settings or with particular animal exposure.

It is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products (hides, wool, meat).

Person-to-person transmission is exceptional and considered negligible.

No, the lesion is typically painless, which is a telling clinical sign despite its alarming appearance.

It often starts as a small papule or blister that quickly develops into a central black eschar.

Yes, swelling around the lesion, sometimes considerable, is common and characteristic.

No, there may be no fever in simple skin forms, especially at the beginning.

Without treatment, the infection can spread locally or progress to a serious systemic form.

The clinical appearance is highly suggestive, but microbiological confirmation is recommended.

Generally not, unless there is diagnostic doubt or an atypical presentation.

Treatment relies on suitable antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin or doxycycline.

Yes, early treatment markedly improves the outlook.

No, local surgical procedures are contraindicated during the active phase.

The duration depends on severity, but it generally ranges from several days to a few weeks.

Yes, healing can take several weeks, sometimes leaving a residual scar.

Yes, but it is reserved for certain high-risk occupational groups.

People who work with animals, hides or uncontrolled animal products.

As soon as a suspicious skin lesion with a black eschar appears, especially if you work in an at-risk occupation.